5-1 - Missing or malformed PDF/UA identifier
The XMP metadata does not declare that this file claims PDF/UA-1 conformance, or declares it with the wrong part number or namespace prefix.
PDF/UA-1 RULE REFERENCE
Every PDF/UA-1 rule, in plain language.
All 106 rules veraPDF checks against ISO 14289-1, each with what it means, who it affects, and how to fix it.
Clause 5
5-2 - Missing or malformed PDF/UA identifier
The XMP metadata does not declare that this file claims PDF/UA-1 conformance, or declares it with the wrong part number or namespace prefix.
5-3 - Missing or malformed PDF/UA identifier
The XMP metadata does not declare that this file claims PDF/UA-1 conformance, or declares it with the wrong part number or namespace prefix.
5-4 - Missing or malformed PDF/UA identifier
The XMP metadata does not declare that this file claims PDF/UA-1 conformance, or declares it with the wrong part number or namespace prefix.
5-5 - Missing or malformed PDF/UA identifier
The XMP metadata does not declare that this file claims PDF/UA-1 conformance, or declares it with the wrong part number or namespace prefix.
Clause 6.1
6.1-1 - Malformed PDF file header
The file does not start with a well-formed %PDF-1.n header followed by a single end-of-line marker.
Clause 6.2
6.2-1 - Document is not tagged
The file has no usable logical structure: either the Marked flag is missing, there is no structure tree, or structure elements are detached from their parents.
Clause 7.1
7.1-1 - Content is neither tagged nor marked as an artifact
Every piece of visible content must be either real content in the structure tree, or explicitly marked as an artifact (decoration, page number, background, rule line). Some content here is neither, or artifacts and real content are nested inside each other.
7.1-2 - Content is neither tagged nor marked as an artifact
Every piece of visible content must be either real content in the structure tree, or explicitly marked as an artifact (decoration, page number, background, rule line). Some content here is neither, or artifacts and real content are nested inside each other.
7.1-3 - Untagged content on the page
Content is drawn on the page but is neither tagged as real content nor marked as an artifact.
7.1-4 - Document is flagged as having unreliable tagging
The Suspects flag is set to true, which is how a producer records that its own tagging may be wrong.
7.1-5 - Custom tag types are not mapped correctly
The document uses non-standard structure types that are not mapped to standard PDF types, map in a circle, or remap standard types to something else.
7.1-6 - Custom tag types are not mapped correctly
The document uses non-standard structure types that are not mapped to standard PDF types, map in a circle, or remap standard types to something else.
7.1-7 - Custom tag types are not mapped correctly
The document uses non-standard structure types that are not mapped to standard PDF types, map in a circle, or remap standard types to something else.
7.1-8 - Document title and metadata problems
The document is missing XMP metadata, a dc:title entry, or the setting that makes viewers show the title instead of the file name.
7.1-9 - Document has no title in metadata
The XMP metadata has no dc:title entry identifying the document.
7.1-10 - Viewer does not show the document title
The ViewerPreferences dictionary is missing DisplayDocTitle, or it is set to false, so the reader shows the file name in the window title.
7.1-11 - Document is not tagged
The file has no usable logical structure: either the Marked flag is missing, there is no structure tree, or structure elements are detached from their parents.
7.1-12 - Document is not tagged
The file has no usable logical structure: either the Marked flag is missing, there is no structure tree, or structure elements are detached from their parents.
Clause 7.2
7.2-2 - Natural language is not declared
Text in the document, or in an Alt, ActualText, E, Contents, or TU entry, has no determinable language, or the Lang value is not a valid RFC 3066 language tag.
7.2-3 - Table structure is invalid
The table tags do not follow the required hierarchy (Table > THead/TBody/TFoot > TR > TH/TD), or the grid is irregular: rows with differing column counts, overlapping cells, or misplaced captions.
7.2-4 - Table structure is invalid
The table tags do not follow the required hierarchy (Table > THead/TBody/TFoot > TR > TH/TD), or the grid is irregular: rows with differing column counts, overlapping cells, or misplaced captions.
7.2-5 - Table structure is invalid
The table tags do not follow the required hierarchy (Table > THead/TBody/TFoot > TR > TH/TD), or the grid is irregular: rows with differing column counts, overlapping cells, or misplaced captions.
7.2-6 - Table structure is invalid
The table tags do not follow the required hierarchy (Table > THead/TBody/TFoot > TR > TH/TD), or the grid is irregular: rows with differing column counts, overlapping cells, or misplaced captions.
7.2-7 - Table structure is invalid
The table tags do not follow the required hierarchy (Table > THead/TBody/TFoot > TR > TH/TD), or the grid is irregular: rows with differing column counts, overlapping cells, or misplaced captions.
7.2-8 - Table structure is invalid
The table tags do not follow the required hierarchy (Table > THead/TBody/TFoot > TR > TH/TD), or the grid is irregular: rows with differing column counts, overlapping cells, or misplaced captions.
7.2-9 - Table structure is invalid
The table tags do not follow the required hierarchy (Table > THead/TBody/TFoot > TR > TH/TD), or the grid is irregular: rows with differing column counts, overlapping cells, or misplaced captions.
7.2-10 - Table structure is invalid
The table tags do not follow the required hierarchy (Table > THead/TBody/TFoot > TR > TH/TD), or the grid is irregular: rows with differing column counts, overlapping cells, or misplaced captions.
7.2-11 - Table structure is invalid
The table tags do not follow the required hierarchy (Table > THead/TBody/TFoot > TR > TH/TD), or the grid is irregular: rows with differing column counts, overlapping cells, or misplaced captions.
7.2-12 - Table structure is invalid
The table tags do not follow the required hierarchy (Table > THead/TBody/TFoot > TR > TH/TD), or the grid is irregular: rows with differing column counts, overlapping cells, or misplaced captions.
7.2-13 - Table structure is invalid
The table tags do not follow the required hierarchy (Table > THead/TBody/TFoot > TR > TH/TD), or the grid is irregular: rows with differing column counts, overlapping cells, or misplaced captions.
7.2-14 - Table structure is invalid
The table tags do not follow the required hierarchy (Table > THead/TBody/TFoot > TR > TH/TD), or the grid is irregular: rows with differing column counts, overlapping cells, or misplaced captions.
7.2-15 - Table structure is invalid
The table tags do not follow the required hierarchy (Table > THead/TBody/TFoot > TR > TH/TD), or the grid is irregular: rows with differing column counts, overlapping cells, or misplaced captions.
7.2-16 - Table structure is invalid
The table tags do not follow the required hierarchy (Table > THead/TBody/TFoot > TR > TH/TD), or the grid is irregular: rows with differing column counts, overlapping cells, or misplaced captions.
7.2-17 - List structure is invalid
List tags are nested incorrectly: LI outside L, LBody outside LI, unexpected children inside L or LI, or a Caption in the wrong position.
7.2-18 - List structure is invalid
List tags are nested incorrectly: LI outside L, LBody outside LI, unexpected children inside L or LI, or a Caption in the wrong position.
7.2-19 - List structure is invalid
List tags are nested incorrectly: LI outside L, LBody outside LI, unexpected children inside L or LI, or a Caption in the wrong position.
7.2-20 - List structure is invalid
List tags are nested incorrectly: LI outside L, LBody outside LI, unexpected children inside L or LI, or a Caption in the wrong position.
7.2-21 - Natural language is not declared
Text in the document, or in an Alt, ActualText, E, Contents, or TU entry, has no determinable language, or the Lang value is not a valid RFC 3066 language tag.
7.2-22 - Natural language is not declared
Text in the document, or in an Alt, ActualText, E, Contents, or TU entry, has no determinable language, or the Lang value is not a valid RFC 3066 language tag.
7.2-23 - Natural language is not declared
Text in the document, or in an Alt, ActualText, E, Contents, or TU entry, has no determinable language, or the Lang value is not a valid RFC 3066 language tag.
7.2-24 - Natural language is not declared
Text in the document, or in an Alt, ActualText, E, Contents, or TU entry, has no determinable language, or the Lang value is not a valid RFC 3066 language tag.
7.2-25 - Natural language is not declared
Text in the document, or in an Alt, ActualText, E, Contents, or TU entry, has no determinable language, or the Lang value is not a valid RFC 3066 language tag.
7.2-26 - Table of contents structure is invalid
TOCI elements sit outside a TOC element, a TOC contains unexpected children, or the Caption is not the first child.
7.2-27 - Table of contents structure is invalid
TOCI elements sit outside a TOC element, a TOC contains unexpected children, or the Caption is not the first child.
7.2-28 - Table of contents structure is invalid
TOCI elements sit outside a TOC element, a TOC contains unexpected children, or the Caption is not the first child.
7.2-29 - Natural language is not declared
Text in the document, or in an Alt, ActualText, E, Contents, or TU entry, has no determinable language, or the Lang value is not a valid RFC 3066 language tag.
7.2-30 - Natural language is not declared
Text in the document, or in an Alt, ActualText, E, Contents, or TU entry, has no determinable language, or the Lang value is not a valid RFC 3066 language tag.
7.2-31 - Natural language is not declared
Text in the document, or in an Alt, ActualText, E, Contents, or TU entry, has no determinable language, or the Lang value is not a valid RFC 3066 language tag.
7.2-32 - Natural language is not declared
Text in the document, or in an Alt, ActualText, E, Contents, or TU entry, has no determinable language, or the Lang value is not a valid RFC 3066 language tag.
7.2-33 - Natural language is not declared
Text in the document, or in an Alt, ActualText, E, Contents, or TU entry, has no determinable language, or the Lang value is not a valid RFC 3066 language tag.
7.2-34 - Natural language is not declared
Text in the document, or in an Alt, ActualText, E, Contents, or TU entry, has no determinable language, or the Lang value is not a valid RFC 3066 language tag.
7.2-36 - Table structure is invalid
The table tags do not follow the required hierarchy (Table > THead/TBody/TFoot > TR > TH/TD), or the grid is irregular: rows with differing column counts, overlapping cells, or misplaced captions.
7.2-37 - Table structure is invalid
The table tags do not follow the required hierarchy (Table > THead/TBody/TFoot > TR > TH/TD), or the grid is irregular: rows with differing column counts, overlapping cells, or misplaced captions.
7.2-38 - Table structure is invalid
The table tags do not follow the required hierarchy (Table > THead/TBody/TFoot > TR > TH/TD), or the grid is irregular: rows with differing column counts, overlapping cells, or misplaced captions.
7.2-39 - Table structure is invalid
The table tags do not follow the required hierarchy (Table > THead/TBody/TFoot > TR > TH/TD), or the grid is irregular: rows with differing column counts, overlapping cells, or misplaced captions.
7.2-40 - List structure is invalid
List tags are nested incorrectly: LI outside L, LBody outside LI, unexpected children inside L or LI, or a Caption in the wrong position.
7.2-41 - Table structure is invalid
The table tags do not follow the required hierarchy (Table > THead/TBody/TFoot > TR > TH/TD), or the grid is irregular: rows with differing column counts, overlapping cells, or misplaced captions.
7.2-42 - Table structure is invalid
The table tags do not follow the required hierarchy (Table > THead/TBody/TFoot > TR > TH/TD), or the grid is irregular: rows with differing column counts, overlapping cells, or misplaced captions.
7.2-43 - Table structure is invalid
The table tags do not follow the required hierarchy (Table > THead/TBody/TFoot > TR > TH/TD), or the grid is irregular: rows with differing column counts, overlapping cells, or misplaced captions.
Clause 7.3
7.3-1 - Image is missing alternative text
A Figure tag has no Alt or ActualText attribute, so the image has no textual equivalent.
Clause 7.4.2
7.4.2-1 - Heading structure is inconsistent
The document mixes strongly structured headings (H1, H2, H3) with weakly structured H tags, skips heading levels, or nests more than one H under a single node.
Clause 7.4.4
7.4.4-1 - Heading structure is inconsistent
The document mixes strongly structured headings (H1, H2, H3) with weakly structured H tags, skips heading levels, or nests more than one H under a single node.
7.4.4-2 - Heading structure is inconsistent
The document mixes strongly structured headings (H1, H2, H3) with weakly structured H tags, skips heading levels, or nests more than one H under a single node.
7.4.4-3 - Heading structure is inconsistent
The document mixes strongly structured headings (H1, H2, H3) with weakly structured H tags, skips heading levels, or nests more than one H under a single node.
Clause 7.5
7.5-1 - Table headers are missing a Scope attribute
The table's header relationships cannot be derived automatically, and the TH elements do not declare whether they head a row or a column.
7.5-2 - Table headers are missing a Scope attribute
The table's header relationships cannot be derived automatically, and the TH elements do not declare whether they head a row or a column.
Clause 7.7
7.7-1 - Mathematical expression is missing a text equivalent
A mathematical expression is not enclosed in a Formula tag, or the Formula tag has no Alt or ActualText.
Clause 7.9
7.9-1 - Footnote or endnote is missing a unique ID
A Note tag has no ID entry, or two Note tags share the same ID.
7.9-2 - Footnote or endnote is missing a unique ID
A Note tag has no ID entry, or two Note tags share the same ID.
Clause 7.10
7.10-1 - Optional content (layers) is configured incorrectly
An optional content configuration dictionary has no Name, or uses the forbidden AS key for automatic state changes.
7.10-2 - Optional content (layers) is configured incorrectly
An optional content configuration dictionary has no Name, or uses the forbidden AS key for automatic state changes.
Clause 7.11
7.11-1 - Embedded file is missing required names
The file specification for an attachment lacks non-empty F and UF entries.
Clause 7.15
7.15-1 - Form field is not accessible
The file uses dynamic XFA forms, or a widget annotation is not nested in a Form tag, or a form field has neither a TU tooltip nor an alternative description.
Clause 7.16
7.16-1 - Encryption blocks assistive technology
The file is encrypted and the permission bit that allows text extraction for accessibility is not set.
Clause 7.18.1
7.18.1-1 - Annotation is not tagged or described
An annotation is not nested in an Annot tag, has no Contents or Alt description, or uses a subtype that PDF/UA forbids.
7.18.1-2 - Annotation is not tagged or described
An annotation is not nested in an Annot tag, has no Contents or Alt description, or uses a subtype that PDF/UA forbids.
7.18.1-3 - Form field is not accessible
The file uses dynamic XFA forms, or a widget annotation is not nested in a Form tag, or a form field has neither a TU tooltip nor an alternative description.
Clause 7.18.2
7.18.2-1 - Annotation is not tagged or described
An annotation is not nested in an Annot tag, has no Contents or Alt description, or uses a subtype that PDF/UA forbids.
Clause 7.18.3
7.18.3-1 - Page tab order does not follow the structure
A page containing annotations does not set Tabs to S, which is what makes keyboard focus follow the logical structure order.
Clause 7.18.4
7.18.4-1 - Form field is not accessible
The file uses dynamic XFA forms, or a widget annotation is not nested in a Form tag, or a form field has neither a TU tooltip nor an alternative description.
7.18.4-2 - Form field is not accessible
The file uses dynamic XFA forms, or a widget annotation is not nested in a Form tag, or a form field has neither a TU tooltip nor an alternative description.
Clause 7.18.5
7.18.5-1 - Link is not tagged or has no description
A link annotation is not tagged as a Link element with an object reference, or has no Contents entry describing where it goes.
7.18.5-2 - Link is not tagged or has no description
A link annotation is not tagged as a Link element with an object reference, or has no Contents entry describing where it goes.
Clause 7.18.6.2
7.18.6.2-1 - Multimedia clip is missing required description
A media clip data dictionary is missing the CT (content type) or Alt (alternative description) key.
7.18.6.2-2 - Multimedia clip is missing required description
A media clip data dictionary is missing the CT (content type) or Alt (alternative description) key.
Clause 7.18.8
7.18.8-1 - Annotation is not tagged or described
An annotation is not nested in an Annot tag, has no Contents or Alt description, or uses a subtype that PDF/UA forbids.
Clause 7.20
7.20-1 - Form XObject content is not properly structured
The file uses reference XObjects, which PDF/UA forbids, or the content inside a Form XObject is not incorporated into the structure tree.
7.20-2 - Form XObject content is not properly structured
The file uses reference XObjects, which PDF/UA forbids, or the content inside a Form XObject is not incorporated into the structure tree.
Clause 7.21.3.1
7.21.3.1-1 - Font is not embedded or is inconsistently encoded
A font used for rendering is not embedded, is missing glyphs, or has encoding tables that do not let a reader map character codes to glyphs reliably.
Clause 7.21.3.2
7.21.3.2-1 - Font is not embedded or is inconsistently encoded
A font used for rendering is not embedded, is missing glyphs, or has encoding tables that do not let a reader map character codes to glyphs reliably.
Clause 7.21.3.3
7.21.3.3-1 - Font is not embedded or is inconsistently encoded
A font used for rendering is not embedded, is missing glyphs, or has encoding tables that do not let a reader map character codes to glyphs reliably.
7.21.3.3-2 - Font is not embedded or is inconsistently encoded
A font used for rendering is not embedded, is missing glyphs, or has encoding tables that do not let a reader map character codes to glyphs reliably.
7.21.3.3-3 - Font is not embedded or is inconsistently encoded
A font used for rendering is not embedded, is missing glyphs, or has encoding tables that do not let a reader map character codes to glyphs reliably.
Clause 7.21.4.1
7.21.4.1-1 - Font is not embedded
A font used to render text in the document is not embedded in the file.
7.21.4.1-2 - Font is not embedded or is inconsistently encoded
A font used for rendering is not embedded, is missing glyphs, or has encoding tables that do not let a reader map character codes to glyphs reliably.
Clause 7.21.4.2
7.21.4.2-1 - Font is not embedded or is inconsistently encoded
A font used for rendering is not embedded, is missing glyphs, or has encoding tables that do not let a reader map character codes to glyphs reliably.
7.21.4.2-2 - Font is not embedded or is inconsistently encoded
A font used for rendering is not embedded, is missing glyphs, or has encoding tables that do not let a reader map character codes to glyphs reliably.
Clause 7.21.5
7.21.5-1 - Font is not embedded or is inconsistently encoded
A font used for rendering is not embedded, is missing glyphs, or has encoding tables that do not let a reader map character codes to glyphs reliably.
Clause 7.21.6
7.21.6-1 - Font is not embedded or is inconsistently encoded
A font used for rendering is not embedded, is missing glyphs, or has encoding tables that do not let a reader map character codes to glyphs reliably.
7.21.6-2 - Font is not embedded or is inconsistently encoded
A font used for rendering is not embedded, is missing glyphs, or has encoding tables that do not let a reader map character codes to glyphs reliably.
7.21.6-3 - Font is not embedded or is inconsistently encoded
A font used for rendering is not embedded, is missing glyphs, or has encoding tables that do not let a reader map character codes to glyphs reliably.
7.21.6-4 - Font is not embedded or is inconsistently encoded
A font used for rendering is not embedded, is missing glyphs, or has encoding tables that do not let a reader map character codes to glyphs reliably.
Clause 7.21.7
7.21.7-1 - Characters cannot be mapped to Unicode
The font does not define a usable mapping from character codes to Unicode values, or the ToUnicode CMap contains invalid values.
7.21.7-2 - Characters cannot be mapped to Unicode
The font does not define a usable mapping from character codes to Unicode values, or the ToUnicode CMap contains invalid values.
Clause 7.21.8
7.21.8-1 - Font is not embedded or is inconsistently encoded
A font used for rendering is not embedded, is missing glyphs, or has encoding tables that do not let a reader map character codes to glyphs reliably.